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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N2〜N4
家庭
かてい
The place where family members, such as parents and children, live together. Example: 「家庭で作る料理」 (home-cooked food).
AI-generated translation
N5
角
かど
corner. The place where two roads meet. The pointed edge of an object. Example: 「つぎの角を右にまがる」 (turn right at the next corner). When read 「つの」, it means the horn on an animal's head.
AI-generated translation
N1
過渡期
かとき
「過」 means to pass by, 「渡」 means to cross over, and 「期」 means period; together they refer to a period during which one is crossing over. It refers to the period during which something transitions from an old state to a new one. Used in expressions like 「過渡期にある産業」, it expresses an unstable transitional stage. It is used when speaking about phases of society, technology, or life.
AI-generated translation
N1
家督
かとく
「家」 means household, and 「督」 means to oversee or direct; together they refer to the position of the one who oversees the household. It refers to the position and property of the head of a household. In the former family system, it was what the heir of the household inherited. Used in expressions like 「家督を継ぐ」, it is used in historical novels and stories of old families.
AI-generated translation
N2
叶える
かなえる
It refers to making a wish or dream come true. Used in expressions like 「夢を叶える」 or 「願いを叶える」, in situations of giving actual form to what one had hoped for.
AI-generated translation
N2
庇う
かばう
It refers to protecting someone from attack or criticism. Used in expressions like 「子を庇う」 or 「部下を庇う」, in situations of stepping in between to protect someone in a weaker position.
AI-generated translation
N5
かばん
かばん
bag. Something for carrying books or belongings. The kanji 「鞄」 is not much used in daily life, and it is usually written in hiragana or katakana.
AI-generated translation
N2
華美
かび
「華」 means showy, and 「美」 means beautiful; the word combines two synonymous characters. It describes appearances that are flashy and excessively showy. Used in expressions like 「華美な装飾」 or 「華美に走る」, it expresses extravagant and excessive showiness. It is used negatively in situations that should be simple.
AI-generated translation
N5
花瓶
かびん
vase. A container for holding and displaying flowers.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡聞
かぶん
「寡」 means few, and 「聞」 means to hear or one's experience; together they mean to have little experience of seeing or hearing. It is mostly used in the form 「寡聞にして〜知らない」, as a fixed expression for humbly speaking about one's own lack of knowledge.
AI-generated translation
N5
紙
かみ
paper. A thin material used for writing or wrapping things.
AI-generated translation
N1
噛み締める
かみしめる
Means to bite down hard. Also used figuratively to mean savoring and deeply feeling the significance of something or an emotion, often in emotional scenes such as 「喜びを噛み締める」 and 「幸せを噛み締める」. Also often written in hiragana as 「かみしめる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
過密
かみつ
「過」 means excessive, and 「密」 means densely gathered; together they mean density that exceeds the proper measure. It refers to a state in which people or things are gathered beyond limit. Used in expressions like 「過密都市」 or 「過密スケジュール」, in contexts where there is no room in space or time. The word with the opposite meaning is 「過疎」.
AI-generated translation
N1
上手
かみて
The upper side of a stage or river. On a stage it means the right side as seen from the audience; on a river it means the side the water flows from. Used as in "川の上手" or "上手から登場する". The opposite side is "下手（しもて）". The same "上手" read as "じょうず" means being good at something, and read as "うわて" means being superior to the other party; each is a separate word.
AI-generated translation
N2
仮面
かめん
A mask put on the face. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of "an apparent appearance that hides one's true heart," used most often in situations of expressing the discrepancy between a person's outer face and inner self, as in 「仮面をかぶる」 or 「仮面の下」.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡黙
かもく
「寡」 means few, and 「黙」 means silent; together they mean few in words and prone to silence. It describes the manner of rarely opening one's mouth and speaking only when necessary. Used in expressions like 「寡黙な人」 or 「寡黙に働く」, it is often used positively to depict a calm and composed character.
AI-generated translation
N5
火曜日
かようび
Tuesday. A day of the week. The day after Monday.
AI-generated translation
N1
柄
がら
A pattern appearing on the surface of cloth, paper, and the like. Used as in「花柄」「柄物のシャツ」. It also expresses personality, dignity, or the nature of things, used in idioms and compounds that express the nature inherent to a person or thing, as in「柄が悪い」「柄にもない」「人柄」「家柄」.
AI-generated translation
N2
殻
から
The hard part covering the outside of an object. Used for eggs, shells, nuts, and the like. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of "the state of shutting oneself up inside," used most often in situations of expressing the human psyche, as in 「殻に閉じこもる」 or 「殻を破る」.
AI-generated translation
N5
辛い
からい
spicy. A hot taste that stings the mouth. Example: 「辛いカレー」 (spicy curry). When read 「つらい」, it becomes a different word meaning "painful/hard."
AI-generated translation
N5
体
からだ
body. The whole of a person or animal, from head to foot. Example: 「体にいい食べもの」 (food that is good for the body).
AI-generated translation
N2
絡む
からむ
It refers to string-like objects winding around. By metaphor it is also used in the senses of "matters being complexly related" or "a person clinging persistently," as in 「利害が絡む」 or 「酔って絡む」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
借りる
かりる
borrow. To use someone else's thing for a certain time. The antonym is 「貸す」 (to lend).
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
軽い
かるい
A state not requiring strength to lift. Example: 「軽いかばん」 (a light bag). The antonym is 「重い」 (heavy).
AI-generated translation
N2
華麗
かれい
「華」 means showy, and 「麗」 means beautiful; the word combines two synonymous characters. It describes a state of being showy and beautiful. Used in expressions like 「華麗な舞」 or 「華麗な経歴」, it expresses eye-catching beauty and splendor. It is used for visually striking subjects like movements and careers.
AI-generated translation
N2
過労死
かろうし
It refers to death caused by excessive labor. Used in expressions like 「過労死が問題になる」 or 「過労死認定」, it is used in contexts where health damage from long working hours is discussed as a social issue.
AI-generated translation
N1
辛うじて
かろうじて
The manner of barely managing to come about, in a hair's-breadth state. Used in expressions like 「辛うじて間に合う」 or 「辛うじて合格する」, it is an adverb expressing a result that came about by a narrow margin.
AI-generated translation
N5
川
かわ
river. A long, narrow place where water flows.
AI-generated translation
N5
可愛い
かわいい
cute. A feeling of liking and wanting to protect something small or a child. Often written in hiragana as 「かわいい」.
AI-generated translation
N4
代わり
かわり
For a different person or thing to take on a role. In the form 「お代わり」, it is also used to mean having a second helping of food.
AI-generated translation
N4
変わる
かわる
To become something different from before. Example: 「きせつが変わる」 (the season changes). When changing something oneself, 「変える」 is used.
AI-generated translation
N4
考える
かんがえる
To use one's head to think about various things. Example: 「こたえを考える」 (to think about the answer).
AI-generated translation
N1
鑑みる
かんがみる
「鑑」 means a mirror or model. This verb expresses making a judgment by reflecting on past precedents or the current situation as if looking into a mirror. Used in expressions like 「前例に鑑みる」 or 「現状に鑑みる」. It is often used in official documents and formal contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
歓喜
かんき
「歓」 means to rejoice, and 「喜」 means to be glad; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a very great joy. Used in expressions like 「歓喜の声」 or 「歓喜に沸く」, it is a formal word for joy accompanied by strong emotion. It is used in formal situations such as sports victories and award ceremonies.
AI-generated translation
N2
頑強
がんきょう
「頑」 means stubborn, and 「強」 means strong; together they mean stubbornly strong. It describes the manner of not yielding to persuasion or pressure and stubbornly persisting. Used in expressions like 「頑強に抵抗する」 or 「頑強な反対」, it expresses the strength of an attitude or stance. It is also sometimes used with a slightly negative implication.
AI-generated translation
N2
玩具
がんぐ
「玩」 means to play with, and 「具」 means a tool; together they refer to a tool for playing. A toy. It is a formal notation used as industry terminology and product classification, as in 「玩具メーカー」 or 「教育玩具」. In everyday speech, the reading 「おもちゃ」 is more common.
AI-generated translation
N4
関係
かんけい
For two or more things to be connected. Example: 「しごとに関係がある本」 (a book related to work).
AI-generated translation
N2
簡潔
かんけつ
Being concise and easy to understand, without excess and neatly summarized.
AI-generated translation
N2
還元
かんげん
「還」 means to return, and 「元」 means the origin; together they mean to return to the source. It refers to returning what one has obtained to the original people or place. Used in expressions like 「利益を社会に還元する」 or 「消費者に還元する」, in situations of redistributing gains from corporate activity to relevant parties.
AI-generated translation
N2
換算
かんさん
To recalculate a quantity in one unit into another unit.
AI-generated translation
N5
漢字
かんじ
Characters used in Japanese that came from China. Example: 「山」, 「川」. Used together with hiragana and katakana in Japanese writing.
AI-generated translation
N1
甘受
かんじゅ
「甘」 means to acquiesce, and 「受」 means to receive; together they mean to acquiesce and receive. It refers to accepting disadvantage or suffering as something unavoidable. Used in expressions like 「批判を甘受する」 or 「責任を甘受する」, it is a formal word for situations of reluctantly taking something on.
AI-generated translation
N2
干渉
かんしょう
To meddle in another person's affairs and interfere.
AI-generated translation
N2
肝心
かんじん
「肝」 means the liver, and 「心」 means the heart; both characters refer to internal organs essential to life, and from this they came to express the most vital part. It refers to the most important part of a matter. Used in expressions like 「肝心の本人」 or 「肝心なところ」, expressing the indispensable core point. It is mostly used in the forms 「肝心の〜」 or 「肝心な〜」.
AI-generated translation
N1
完遂
かんすい
A word meaning to carry out a plan or mission through to completion. A formal word used in contexts of accomplishing matters that involve difficulty, as in「任務を完遂する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
寛大
かんだい
「寛」 means broad, and 「大」 means large; together they mean a broad and large heart. It describes the manner of not severely blaming others' mistakes but receiving them with a generous heart. Used in expressions like 「寛大な処置」 or 「寛大に扱う」, it expresses an attitude of forgiveness toward others. It is often used as the attitude of those in higher positions.
AI-generated translation
N2
歓待
かんたい
「歓」 means to rejoice, and 「待」 means to entertain a guest; together they mean to entertain joyously. It refers to receiving a guest from the heart. Used in expressions like 「手厚い歓待を受ける」, it is a formal word for polite and warm hospitality. It is used in formal situations and travel writing.
AI-generated translation
N4
簡単
かんたん
A state of being easy to understand, simple. Not requiring much effort. Example: 「簡単なもんだい」 (an easy problem).
AI-generated translation
N2
鑑定
かんてい
To examine and judge whether an object is genuine, as well as its value and quality.
AI-generated translation
N2
寒波
かんぱ
A meteorological phenomenon in which strong cold air sweeps over a wide area in a short period. Used in expressions like 「寒波が襲う」 or 「寒波の影響」, it is a formal word used in weather forecasts and meteorological reports.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.