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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,241words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N1・N2・N4・N5
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N3, N5
貸す
かす
lend. To let someone use one's own thing for a certain time. The opposite, using someone else's thing, is 「かりる」 (to borrow).
AI-generated translation
N2
微か
かすか
It describes a manner in which sound, light, or smell is so small that it can only barely be perceived. Used in expressions like 「微かな音」 or 「微かに見える」, it expresses a faint and unclear sensation.
AI-generated translation
N1
霞む
かすむ
It refers to distant scenery looking blurry due to mist or haze. Used in expressions like 「山が霞む」 or 「目が霞む」, it expresses a state in which vision is not clear. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of becoming inconspicuous, as in 「主役が霞む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
かすめる
かすめる
It refers to passing by very close to the side of something, or lightly touching it. Used in expressions like 「鳥が水面をかすめる」 or 「ボールが頬をかすめる」, in situations of light contact.
AI-generated translation
N5
風
かぜ
wind. Moving air. Example: 「風がふく」 (the wind blows). The same 「風」 read as 「ふう」 becomes a different word expressing a manner or style, as in 「そんな風に」 or 「日本風」.
AI-generated translation
N5
風邪
かぜ
An illness that causes fever, sore throat, or runny nose. Used with the verb 「風邪をひく」 (to catch a cold). Same reading as 「風」 (wind).
AI-generated translation
N1
寡占
かせん
「寡」 means few, and 「占」 means to occupy; together they mean a few occupying things in a dominant manner. It refers to a state in which a small number of companies control most of a market. It is a specialized term used in economic articles in forms like 「寡占市場」 or 「寡占状態」. It refers to a situation with more participating companies than 「独占」(monopoly).
AI-generated translation
N2
過疎
かそ
「過」 means excessive, and 「疎」 means sparse; together they mean excessively sparse. It refers to a state in which a region's population has sharply decreased, making it difficult to maintain social life. Used in expressions like 「過疎化」 or 「過疎地域」, in contexts speaking of regional decline. The word with the opposite meaning is 「過密」.
AI-generated translation
N5
家族
かぞく
family. The people who live together, such as father, mother, and children.
AI-generated translation
N5
方
かた
A polite way of saying 「人」 (person). Example: 「あの方はどなたですか」 (who is that person?). Read as 「ほう」, it becomes a word for comparing two things, as in 「こちらの方が高い」 (this one is more expensive).
AI-generated translation
N4
堅い
かたい
A state where the content is solid and dependable. Also used for a serious way of thinking or personality. Example:「堅いしごと」(a steady job). Distinguished in writing from the homophones「硬い（かたい）」(strong to the touch) and「固い（かたい）」(strongly bound).
AI-generated translation
N4
硬い
かたい
A state where something is strong and not easily broken or dented. Example:「硬い石」(a hard stone). Also used for a stiff body or expression. Distinguished in writing from the homophones「堅い（かたい）」(solid in content) and「固い（かたい）」(strongly bound).
AI-generated translation
N1
頑な
かたくな
A manner of not changing one's own views and not accepting others' opinions. Used in expressions like 「頑なに拒む」 or 「頑なな態度」, in situations of closing one's heart and not yielding. It often carries a slightly negative evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N1
固唾
かたず
It refers to saliva that gathers in the mouth when one tenses up and holds one's breath. It is mostly used in the form 「固唾を呑む」 as a set phrase expressing the manner of watching tensely with concern over the outcome.
AI-generated translation
N2
偏る
かたよる
It refers to overall balance breaking down and shifting to one side. Used in expressions like 「栄養が偏る」 or 「意見が偏る」, in situations where what should originally be even has tilted to one side.
AI-generated translation
N1
語り継ぐ
かたりつぐ
It refers to continuing to tell and pass on a story or experience to later generations. Used in expressions like 「先人の知恵を語り継ぐ」 or 「地域の伝統を語り継ぐ」, in situations of passing things down orally across generations.
AI-generated translation
N1
傍ら
かたわら
Right beside, the area at the side. It also refers to doing another thing simultaneously while engaged in some activity. Used in expressions like 「母の傍らに座る」 or 「仕事の傍ら執筆する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
荷担
かたん
The character 「荷」 means luggage and 「担」 means to carry on the shoulder; the original meaning is to help someone carry their load. From this, the word came to express joining in and assisting with an action. Used in expressions like 「犯罪に荷担する」 or 「不正に荷担する」, it is mostly applied to involvement in undesirable acts.
AI-generated translation
N1
活況
かっきょう
「活」 means lively, and 「況」 means state; together they refer to a lively state. It refers to a state in which business or markets are bustling and energetic. Used in expressions like 「市場が活況を呈する」 or 「活況を示す」, in economic articles describing favorable conditions.
AI-generated translation
N5
学校
がっこう
school. A place where children or students study.
AI-generated translation
N1
喝采
かっさい
A word expressing praise through applause or cheers. Used in scenes depicting audience acclaim, as in「喝采を浴びる」「拍手喝采」.
AI-generated translation
N2
活性化
かっせいか
It refers to activity becoming lively, or to making it lively. Used in expressions like 「地域の活性化」 or 「経済を活性化する」, in situations of making the movement of an organization, a region, or a market vigorous.
AI-generated translation
N1
合戦
かっせん
The act of engaging in battle. In ancient times it referred to warfare; in modern usage it expresses competitive events such as「歌合戦」「雪合戦」. In this「〜合戦」form the reading becomes voiced as「がっせん」, distinguished from「かっせん」, the reading used when the word stands alone.
AI-generated translation
N2
合致
がっち
「合」 means to fit, and 「致」 means to arrive precisely; together they mean to fit precisely as one. It refers to two or more matters fitting together exactly as one. Used in expressions like 「条件に合致する」 or 「証言と合致する」, it is a formal word used when content or conditions completely overlap.
AI-generated translation
N2
かつて
かつて
An adverb referring to a certain period in the past, meaning "formerly" or "long ago." Used in expressions like「かつてない規模」(an unprecedented scale)、「かつて栄えた街」(a town that once flourished). Although it can be written with the kanji「嘗て」, the hiragana form is more common.
AI-generated translation
N1
葛藤
かっとう
「葛」 means kudzu, and 「藤」 means wisteria; both are names of climbing plants. From the image of vines becoming complexly entangled, the word came to refer to opposing feelings struggling within one's heart. Used in expressions like 「葛藤を抱える」 or 「内心の葛藤」, it expresses being torn between choices or emotions. By metaphor, it is also used for conflict in human relationships.
AI-generated translation
N1
渇望
かつぼう
It refers to strongly desiring something, like a thirsty person craving water. Used in expressions like 「平和を渇望する」 or 「自由を渇望する」, it is a formal word for an earnest yearning.
AI-generated translation
N2
過程
かてい
The course something follows as it progresses toward a result.
AI-generated translation
N2
仮定
かてい
To tentatively treat something not yet certain as being true, and proceed on that basis.
AI-generated translation
N2〜N4
家庭
かてい
The place where family members, such as parents and children, live together. Example: 「家庭で作る料理」 (home-cooked food).
AI-generated translation
N5
角
かど
corner. The place where two roads meet. The pointed edge of an object. Example: 「つぎの角を右にまがる」 (turn right at the next corner). When read 「つの」, it means the horn on an animal's head.
AI-generated translation
N1
過渡期
かとき
「過」 means to pass by, 「渡」 means to cross over, and 「期」 means period; together they refer to a period during which one is crossing over. It refers to the period during which something transitions from an old state to a new one. Used in expressions like 「過渡期にある産業」, it expresses an unstable transitional stage. It is used when speaking about phases of society, technology, or life.
AI-generated translation
N1
家督
かとく
「家」 means household, and 「督」 means to oversee or direct; together they refer to the position of the one who oversees the household. It refers to the position and property of the head of a household. In the former family system, it was what the heir of the household inherited. Used in expressions like 「家督を継ぐ」, it is used in historical novels and stories of old families.
AI-generated translation
N2
叶える
かなえる
It refers to making a wish or dream come true. Used in expressions like 「夢を叶える」 or 「願いを叶える」, in situations of giving actual form to what one had hoped for.
AI-generated translation
N2
庇う
かばう
It refers to protecting someone from attack or criticism. Used in expressions like 「子を庇う」 or 「部下を庇う」, in situations of stepping in between to protect someone in a weaker position.
AI-generated translation
N5
かばん
かばん
bag. Something for carrying books or belongings. The kanji 「鞄」 is not much used in daily life, and it is usually written in hiragana or katakana.
AI-generated translation
N2
華美
かび
「華」 means showy, and 「美」 means beautiful; the word combines two synonymous characters. It describes appearances that are flashy and excessively showy. Used in expressions like 「華美な装飾」 or 「華美に走る」, it expresses extravagant and excessive showiness. It is used negatively in situations that should be simple.
AI-generated translation
N5
花瓶
かびん
vase. A container for holding and displaying flowers.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡聞
かぶん
「寡」 means few, and 「聞」 means to hear or one's experience; together they mean to have little experience of seeing or hearing. It is mostly used in the form 「寡聞にして〜知らない」, as a fixed expression for humbly speaking about one's own lack of knowledge.
AI-generated translation
N5
紙
かみ
paper. A thin material used for writing or wrapping things.
AI-generated translation
N1
噛み締める
かみしめる
Means to bite down hard. Also used figuratively to mean savoring and deeply feeling the significance of something or an emotion, often in emotional scenes such as 「喜びを噛み締める」 and 「幸せを噛み締める」. Also often written in hiragana as 「かみしめる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
過密
かみつ
「過」 means excessive, and 「密」 means densely gathered; together they mean density that exceeds the proper measure. It refers to a state in which people or things are gathered beyond limit. Used in expressions like 「過密都市」 or 「過密スケジュール」, in contexts where there is no room in space or time. The word with the opposite meaning is 「過疎」.
AI-generated translation
N1
上手
かみて
The upper side of a stage or river. On a stage it means the right side as seen from the audience; on a river it means the side the water flows from. Used as in "川の上手" or "上手から登場する". The opposite side is "下手（しもて）". The same "上手" read as "じょうず" means being good at something, and read as "うわて" means being superior to the other party; each is a separate word.
AI-generated translation
N2
仮面
かめん
A mask put on the face. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of "an apparent appearance that hides one's true heart," used most often in situations of expressing the discrepancy between a person's outer face and inner self, as in 「仮面をかぶる」 or 「仮面の下」.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡黙
かもく
「寡」 means few, and 「黙」 means silent; together they mean few in words and prone to silence. It describes the manner of rarely opening one's mouth and speaking only when necessary. Used in expressions like 「寡黙な人」 or 「寡黙に働く」, it is often used positively to depict a calm and composed character.
AI-generated translation
N5
火曜日
かようび
Tuesday. A day of the week. The day after Monday.
AI-generated translation
N1, N4
柄
がら
A pattern appearing on the surface of cloth, paper, and the like. Used as in「花柄」「柄物のシャツ」. It also expresses personality, dignity, or the nature of things, used in idioms and compounds that express the nature inherent to a person or thing, as in「柄が悪い」「柄にもない」「人柄」「家柄」.
AI-generated translation
N2
殻
から
The hard part covering the outside of an object. Used for eggs, shells, nuts, and the like. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of "the state of shutting oneself up inside," used most often in situations of expressing the human psyche, as in 「殻に閉じこもる」 or 「殻を破る」.
AI-generated translation
N5
辛い
からい
spicy. A hot taste that stings the mouth. Example: 「辛いカレー」 (spicy curry). When read 「つらい」, it becomes a different word meaning "painful/hard."
AI-generated translation
N5
体
からだ
body. The whole of a person or animal, from head to foot. Example: 「体にいい食べもの」 (food that is good for the body).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.