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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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Filtered by N1・N2・N3
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N2, N5
鍵
かぎ
key. A tool for opening or locking a door, etc. 「かぎをかける」 means to lock a door, etc.
AI-generated translation
N3
限る
かぎる
To decide a range up to a certain point. Example: 「参加は学生に限る」 (participation is limited to students). Often used in the forms 「〜に限って」 (an expression meaning something bad happens only at that particular time) and 「〜とは限らない」 (meaning that isn't always the case).
AI-generated translation
N2
額
がく
An amount of money; also a frame for displaying a picture or photograph. Besides expressing the size of a sum, as in "保険料の額" or "多額の寄付", it is also used in the sense of a frame, as in "額に入れて飾る". The same "額" read as "ひたい" is a different word meaning the part of the face above the eyebrows.
AI-generated translation
N1
画一的
かくいつてき
It describes a manner in which everything fits the same standard or the same mold, with no individuality or difference. Used in expressions like 「画一的な教育」 or 「画一的に扱う」, it is often used to negatively express a state in which diversity has been lost.
AI-generated translation
N1
画策
かくさく
「画」 means to plan a scheme, and 「策」 means a scheme; together they mean to plan out schemes. It refers to secretly devising a plan and acting on it for some purpose. It is mostly used with a negative connotation, carrying the sense of acting in the shadows, as in 「裏で画策する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
拡散
かくさん
It refers to things spreading and scattering over a wide range. Used in expressions like 「情報が拡散する」, 「ガスが拡散する」, or 「噂が拡散する」, in situations of spreading or being transmitted widely from one point to the surroundings.
AI-generated translation
N2
学識
がくしき
「学」 means learning, and 「識」 means knowledge; together they refer to knowledge obtained through learning. It refers to deep knowledge acquired through scholarship. Used in expressions like 「学識経験者」 or 「高い学識」, it is a formal word for specialized insight acquired through long years of research.
AI-generated translation
N1
確執
かくしつ
「確」 means firm, and 「執」 means to grasp and not let go; together they mean firmly holding to one's claims without yielding to each other. It refers to not yielding one's opinions and continuing to be in opposition. It expresses situations in which a relationship has become tense within an organization or among relatives. Used in expressions like 「両者の確執が表面化する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
革新
かくしん
「革」 means to renew, and 「新」 means new; together they mean to renew and make new. It refers to greatly reforming old institutions or structures. Used in expressions like 「技術革新」 or 「革新的な発想」, in situations of fundamentally changing how things have been. The word with the opposite meaning is 「保守」.
AI-generated translation
N3
隠す
かくす
hide. To keep something from being seen or known by others. Example: 「お金を隠す」 (to hide money), 「本心を隠す」 (to hide one's true feelings). 「隠す」 is used when someone makes a person or thing unseen, and 「隠れる」 when one becomes unseen oneself: 「子どもを隠す」 versus 「子どもが隠れる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
学説
がくせつ
「学」 means learning or scholarship, and 「説」 means opinion or doctrine; together they refer to a doctrine in scholarship. It refers to a doctrine or view about a matter put forward through academic research. Used in expressions like 「新しい学説」 or 「対立する学説」, referring to a theory put forward by a researcher.
AI-generated translation
N3
拡大
かくだい
expansion. To spread something out and make it bigger. To become bigger. Example: 「写真を拡大する」 (to enlarge a photo), 「感染が拡大する」 (infection spreads). The word with the opposite meaning is 「縮小」 (reduction).
AI-generated translation
N3
隠れる
かくれる
To hide oneself so that others cannot find you. Example: 「木の陰に隠れる」 (to hide in the shade of a tree). Also used to mean not known to the world, as in 「隠れた名店」 (a hidden gem restaurant). 「隠れる」 is used when one becomes unseen oneself, and 「隠す」 when someone makes a person or thing unseen: 「子どもが隠れる」 versus 「子どもを隠す」.
AI-generated translation
N3
影
かげ
shadow. A dark shape that forms behind an object when light hits it. Example: 「影ができる」 (a shadow forms), 「影ふみ」 (a shadow-tag game). There is also the expression 「影が薄い」 (to not stand out). The homophone 「陰」 refers to a place light does not reach, and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
陰
かげ
A place where light or one's gaze does not reach. Example: 「木の陰で休む」 (to rest in the shade of a tree), 「ドアの陰にかくれる」 (to hide behind a door). Also used to mean somewhere out of a person's sight, as in 「陰で悪口を言う」 (to badmouth someone behind their back). The homophone 「影」 refers to a dark shape cast by light, and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N1
かけがえのない
かけがえのない
「かけがえ」 is 「掛け替え」, originally meaning something to substitute. 「かけがえのない」 means that it 「ない」 (does not exist), that is, the quality of being so precious that nothing else can replace it. Used in expressions like 「かけがえのない家族」 or 「かけがえのない時間」, expressing a unique and precious existence.
AI-generated translation
N3
欠ける
かける
For part of something to break off and be missing. Example: 「茶わんが欠ける」 (a chip breaks off a rice bowl). Also used to mean lacking something necessary, as in 「常識に欠ける」 (to lack common sense), 「メンバーが一人欠ける」 (one member is missing).
AI-generated translation
N2
加減
かげん
To adjust the degree of something to just the right level; also, that condition itself.
AI-generated translation
N3
過去
かこ
past. Time that has already passed. Example: 「過去をふり返る」 (to look back on the past), 「過去の失敗」 (past failures). The antonyms are 「未来」 (future) and 「現在」 (present).
AI-generated translation
N3
籠
かご
A container made by weaving bamboo, wire, etc. Example: 「買い物籠」 (a shopping basket), 「鳥籠」 (a birdcage).
AI-generated translation
N2
過酷
かこく
「過」 means excessive, and 「酷」 means cruel; together they mean cruelty that exceeds proper measure. It refers to a degree of severity that surpasses the limit one can endure. Used in expressions like 「過酷な労働」 or 「過酷な環境」, in situations where the burden on people or things becomes extremely heavy.
AI-generated translation
N1
かこつける
かこつける
It refers to hiding the true reason and using something else as a pretext. Used in expressions like 「病気にかこつけて休む」 or 「忙しさにかこつける」, in situations of using something as an excuse to hide one's true intent.
AI-generated translation
N3
囲む
かこむ
surround. To encircle something. Example: 「テーブルを囲む」 (to sit around a table), 「山に囲まれた町」 (a town surrounded by mountains). The noun form is 「囲い」.
AI-generated translation
N3
火災
かさい
fire. A disaster in which a building, etc., burns. Example: 「火災報知器」 (fire alarm), 「火災が発生する」 (a fire breaks out). A more formal way of saying 「火事」, used in news and documents.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡作
かさく
「寡」 means few, and 「作」 means works; together they mean having few works. It refers to a writer or artist who produces only a small number of works in their lifetime. Used in expressions like 「寡作の作家」. The opposite is 「多作」. It is a word seen in contexts speaking of the volume of creative output.
AI-generated translation
N3
重なる
かさなる
For objects to be piled one on top of another in the same place. Example: 「本が重なる」 (books are stacked). Also used to mean things concentrating at the same time, as in 「予定が重なる」 (schedules overlap), 「不幸が重なる」 (misfortunes pile up).
AI-generated translation
N3
重ねる
かさねる
To place things on top of each other and stack them. Example: 「皿を重ねる」 (to stack plates). Also used to mean repeating something continuously, as in 「努力を重ねる」 (to make repeated efforts), 「年を重ねる」 (to grow older). 「重ねる」 is used when someone piles things up, and 「重なる」 when things end up piled up: 「皿を重ねる」 versus 「皿が重なる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
かさばる
かさばる
It refers to an object having a large volume and taking up space. Used in expressions like 「冬物がかさばる」 or 「荷物がかさばる」, in situations where it is the size of the volume, not the weight, that is the issue.
AI-generated translation
N1
かさむ
かさむ
It refers to an amount or quantity increasing and becoming large. Used in expressions like 「経費がかさむ」 or 「出費がかさむ」, mainly in situations where money or quantity of goods increases more than expected.
AI-generated translation
N3
飾り
かざり
decoration. Something attached to make a thing look beautiful. Example: 「クリスマスの飾り」 (Christmas decorations), 「首飾り」 (a necklace).
AI-generated translation
N3
飾る
かざる
decorate. To place or attach things so they look beautiful. Example: 「花を飾る」 (to decorate with flowers), 「部屋を飾る」 (to decorate a room). Also used to mean making something appear better than it really is, as in 「言葉を飾る」 (to embellish one's words).
AI-generated translation
N3
火山
かざん
volcano. A mountain formed by magma erupting from underground. Example: 「火山が噴火する」 (a volcano erupts), 「活火山」 (an active volcano).
AI-generated translation
N3
歌手
かしゅ
singer. A person whose job is singing songs. Example: 「人気歌手」 (a popular singer).
AI-generated translation
N1
寡少
かしょう
「寡」 means few, and 「少」 means few; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a number or amount that is extremely small. Used in expressions like 「寡少な資源」, it is a formal word used in contexts that emphasize being limited.
AI-generated translation
N3
数
かず
number. Something that shows how many of something there are. Example: 「数が多い」 (a large number). The reading changes to 「かぞ(える)」 and 「すう」 in words like 「数える」 (to count) and 「数字」 (a numeral/figure).
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
貸す
かす
lend. To let someone use one's own thing for a certain time. The opposite, using someone else's thing, is 「かりる」 (to borrow).
AI-generated translation
N2
微か
かすか
It describes a manner in which sound, light, or smell is so small that it can only barely be perceived. Used in expressions like 「微かな音」 or 「微かに見える」, it expresses a faint and unclear sensation.
AI-generated translation
N1
霞む
かすむ
It refers to distant scenery looking blurry due to mist or haze. Used in expressions like 「山が霞む」 or 「目が霞む」, it expresses a state in which vision is not clear. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of becoming inconspicuous, as in 「主役が霞む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
かすめる
かすめる
It refers to passing by very close to the side of something, or lightly touching it. Used in expressions like 「鳥が水面をかすめる」 or 「ボールが頬をかすめる」, in situations of light contact.
AI-generated translation
N3
稼ぐ
かせぐ
earn. To obtain money by working. Example: 「生活費を稼ぐ」 (to earn living expenses). Also used to mean gaining a favorable state, as in 「時間を稼ぐ」 (to buy time).
AI-generated translation
N1
寡占
かせん
「寡」 means few, and 「占」 means to occupy; together they mean a few occupying things in a dominant manner. It refers to a state in which a small number of companies control most of a market. It is a specialized term used in economic articles in forms like 「寡占市場」 or 「寡占状態」. It refers to a situation with more participating companies than 「独占」(monopoly).
AI-generated translation
N2
過疎
かそ
「過」 means excessive, and 「疎」 means sparse; together they mean excessively sparse. It refers to a state in which a region's population has sharply decreased, making it difficult to maintain social life. Used in expressions like 「過疎化」 or 「過疎地域」, in contexts speaking of regional decline. The word with the opposite meaning is 「過密」.
AI-generated translation
N3
数える
かぞえる
count. To check how many there are of something. Example: 「人数を数える」 (to count the number of people), 「指を折って数える」 (to count on one's fingers).
AI-generated translation
N3
肩
かた
shoulder. The part of the body at the base of the arm, beside the neck. Example: 「肩をたたく」 (to tap someone's shoulder), 「肩がこる」 (to have stiff shoulders). There is also the expression 「肩を持つ」 (to take someone's side).
AI-generated translation
N1
頑な
かたくな
A manner of not changing one's own views and not accepting others' opinions. Used in expressions like 「頑なに拒む」 or 「頑なな態度」, in situations of closing one's heart and not yielding. It often carries a slightly negative evaluation.
AI-generated translation
N1
固唾
かたず
It refers to saliva that gathers in the mouth when one tenses up and holds one's breath. It is mostly used in the form 「固唾を呑む」 as a set phrase expressing the manner of watching tensely with concern over the outcome.
AI-generated translation
N3
刀
かたな
sword. A long, thin blade used by samurai in the past. Example: 「日本刀」 (a Japanese sword).
AI-generated translation
N2
偏る
かたよる
It refers to overall balance breaking down and shifting to one side. Used in expressions like 「栄養が偏る」 or 「意見が偏る」, in situations where what should originally be even has tilted to one side.
AI-generated translation
N1
語り継ぐ
かたりつぐ
It refers to continuing to tell and pass on a story or experience to later generations. Used in expressions like 「先人の知恵を語り継ぐ」 or 「地域の伝統を語り継ぐ」, in situations of passing things down orally across generations.
AI-generated translation
N3
語る
かたる
To tell a story to someone by speaking. Example: 「体験を語る」 (to talk about one's experience), 「夢を語る」 (to talk about one's dreams). More formal than 「話す」, used when conveying a coherent story carefully.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.