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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N2
付き添う
つきそう
Staying beside someone to care for the sick or for children. Used in contexts of accompanying while supporting the other party, as in 「患者に付き添う」「子供に付き添う」.
AI-generated translation
N3
次々
つぎつぎ
One after another, continuously. Example: 「新しい店が次々にできる」 (new shops open one after another). Also used in the form 「次々と」.
AI-generated translation
N1
付きっ切り
つきっきり
Staying beside someone without leaving. Used in expressions such as 「付きっ切りで看病する」「付きっ切りで指導する」 in contexts of attending to a person or thing for a long time without taking one's eyes off.
AI-generated translation
N2
突き止める
つきとめる
To investigate or pursue something until a hidden fact or cause becomes clear.
AI-generated translation
N2
尽きる
つきる
Something one had or a state that was continuing being completely depleted. It describes a state of something disappearing without remainder, used in expressions such as 「体力が尽きる」「話題が尽きない」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
着く
つく
arrive. To reach one's intended destination. Example: 「駅に着く」 (to arrive at the station).
AI-generated translation
N5
机
つくえ
desk. A table for reading books or writing.
AI-generated translation
N2
尽くす
つくす
Pouring out all of one's strength and sincerity. Used in expressions such as 「力を尽くす」「手を尽くす」「家族のために尽くす」 in contexts of devoting all one's efforts toward the object of effort or dedication.
AI-generated translation
N1
つくづく
つくづく
A state of feeling something deeply, as if it sinks into the heart. Used in contexts of strongly feeling some emotion, as in 「つくづく感じる」「つくづく思う」. Can be used in both somewhat formal written and spoken language.
AI-generated translation
N2
償う
つぐなう
To make up for damage one has caused or a crime one has committed, through money, goods, or actions.
AI-generated translation
N2
造り
つくり
The structure or construction of a building or object. Used as a noun describing how something is made, as in 「頑丈な造り」「しっかりした造り」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
作る
つくる
make. To newly create something that did not exist. Example: 「りょうりを作る」 (to make food/cook).
AI-generated translation
N2
付け加える
つけくわえる
Adding something to what already exists to supplement it. Often used in contexts of adding to a remark or content, as in 「説明を付け加える」「一言付け加える」.
AI-generated translation
N1
付け焼き刃
つけやきば
An idiomatic expression for shallow knowledge or skill acquired hastily as a stopgap. Used in expressions such as 「付け焼き刃の勉強」「付け焼き刃では通用しない」 in contexts critically describing temporary coping that lacks real ability.
AI-generated translation
N3
伝わる
つたわる
For information or feelings to reach the other person. Example: 「気持ちが伝わる」 (feelings get across). Also used for heat or sound spreading, or for something being passed down since long ago, as in 「昔から伝わる話」 (a story handed down from long ago). 「伝える」 is used when a person conveys something to another, while 「伝わる」 is used when it reaches the receiver: compare 「気持ちを伝える」 with 「気持ちが伝わる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
培う
つちかう
Cultivating ability or character over a long period of time. Used in expressions such as 「体力を培う」「信頼を培う」 with the meaning of slowly fostering ability, relationships, or foundations. Often used for abstract objects.
AI-generated translation
N1
津々浦々
つつうらうら
A word meaning "every corner of the nation, everywhere in the country." The character 「津」 refers to a port where ships come and go, and 「浦」 refers to a seashore or inlet; doubling each creates the meaning "every port, every shore," extended to "every nook and cranny of the country." It is somewhat formal written language, used as in 「津々浦々に知れ渡る」「全国津々浦々から人が集まる」. This expression reflects the geography of Japan as a country surrounded by sea, and is used to refer broadly to all regions and areas.
AI-generated translation
N1
慎む
つつしむ
Restraining one's speech and behavior to maintain moderation. Used in expressions such as 「言葉を慎む」「飲酒を慎む」 with the meaning of restraining oneself from acts that might become inappropriate.
AI-generated translation
N1
筒抜け
つつぬけ
A secret or internal information leaking out as it is. Also a state in which voices or conversations can all be heard through the wall. Used in contexts where information that should be blocked leaks out, as in 「計画が筒抜けになる」「隣の部屋の会話が筒抜けだ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
綴る
つづる
Writing characters or sentences in succession. Used in expressions such as 「思いを綴る」「日記を綴る」 with the meaning of writing something down as a text. It also means binding sheets of paper together.
AI-generated translation
N1
努めて
つとめて
A state of consciously trying as much as possible to do something. Used in the forms 「努めて〜する」「努めて〜しない」, an adverb used in contexts of consciously controlling one's attitude or behavior.
AI-generated translation
N5
勤める
つとめる
To work at a company, etc. Example: 「銀行に勤める」 (to work at a bank).
AI-generated translation
N2
繋がり
つながり
The relationship or bond that exists between people or between things. Used as a noun for relationships or ties, as in 「地域との繋がり」「友人との繋がり」.
AI-generated translation
N3
つながる
つながる
For separated things to become connected. Example: 「電話がつながる」 (a call connects), 「道が駅につながる」 (a road leads to the station). Also used to mean being related, as in 「事件につながる話」 (a story connected to an incident). Written with the kanji 「繋がる」, but since this kanji is not used in daily life, it is usually written in hiragana. 「つなぐ」 is used when a person joins things together, while 「つながる」 is used when they end up connected: compare 「電話をつなぐ」 with 「電話がつながる」.
AI-generated translation
N3
つなぐ
つなぐ
To join separated things together into one. Example: 「手をつなぐ」 (to hold hands), 「ロープをつなぐ」 (to tie a rope together). Written with the kanji 「繋ぐ」. 「つなぐ」 is used when a person joins things together, while 「つながる」 is used when they end up connected: compare 「電話をつなぐ」 with 「電話がつながる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
綱渡り
つなわたり
A metaphor for proceeding while just barely escaping a dangerous situation. An idiomatic expression describing a precarious situation that could fail with even a small mistake, used in expressions such as 「綱渡りの経営」「綱渡りの交渉」.
AI-generated translation
N1
常々
つねづね
Always, all the time as a regular matter. Used in expressions such as 「常々〜と思っている」「常々〜と感じていた」 in contexts of expressing constant opinions or feelings. An adverb used in written and formal spoken language.
AI-generated translation
N3
常に
つねに
always. All the time, no matter when. Example: 「常に努力する」 (to always make an effort). A literary word; in spoken language, 「いつも」 is normal.
AI-generated translation
N1
常日頃
つねひごろ
Ordinary days, normal times. Often used in the form 「常日頃から」, attached to actions or awareness with the meaning of 「continuously from everyday life」.
AI-generated translation
N3
角
つの
horn. The hard, pointed thing growing from the head of an animal such as a cow or deer. Used as in "二本の角" (two horns) or "角が生える" (horns grow). The same "角" read as "かど" is a different word meaning a place where a road turns or the pointed edge of an object.
AI-generated translation
N1
募る
つのる
To call widely for people or things and gather them, as in「参加者を募る」(to recruit participants),「寄付を募る」(to solicit donations). It also has the meaning that an emotion or momentum gradually grows stronger, as in「不安が募る」(anxiety mounts),「怒りが募る」(anger builds up).
AI-generated translation
N2
翼
つばさ
The wings that birds or airplanes use to fly, as in 「鳥が翼を広げる」(a bird spreads its wings) or 「飛行機の翼」(the wings of an airplane). By extension, it is also used metaphorically for the power to fly freely, or for the function of protecting and sheltering someone. It is used with meanings such as liberation, flight, and protection, as in 「希望の翼」(wings of hope), 「翼を授ける」(to grant wings), or 「親の翼の下」(under a parent's wings).
AI-generated translation
N1
つぶさに
つぶさに
One by one in detail, without omission. Used in expressions such as 「つぶさに観察する」「つぶさに報告する」 to describe not missing any detail. An adverb leaning toward written language, often used in formal style.
AI-generated translation
N2
潰す
つぶす
Destroying the shape of something so it cannot be used, or wasting time or plans. Used for both physical destruction and metaphorical nullification, as in 「空き缶を潰す」「時間を潰す」「計画を潰す」.
AI-generated translation
N2
呟く
つぶやく
Saying something in a low voice as if to oneself. Used in expressions such as 「文句を呟く」「何かを呟く」 to describe speaking softly enough not to be heard by others. Recently also used for short posts on social media.
AI-generated translation
N3
潰れる
つぶれる
For something to lose its shape from being pressed. Example: 「箱が潰れる」 (a box gets crushed). Also used to mean a company or shop being unable to continue, as in 「会社が潰れる」 (a company goes under). 「潰す」 is used when a person or force presses and breaks something, while 「潰れる」 is used when it breaks from being pressed: compare 「箱を潰す」 with 「箱が潰れる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
壺
つぼ
A container with a narrow mouth. Made of materials such as ceramic, porcelain, or glass, it is used to hold liquids, food, ashes of the dead, and the like. It is used in expressions like 「花を生ける壺」(a vase for arranging flowers), 「梅干しを漬ける壺」(a jar for pickling plums), or 「骨壺」(a funerary urn). By extension, it is also used metaphorically for the key point or vital spot of something. Expressions like 「壺を押さえる」(to grasp the key point) or 「壺を心得る」(to understand the key point) describe accurately catching what matters most. 「壺にはまる」is used both for fitting precisely with the key point and for events unfolding exactly as the other party intended.
AI-generated translation
N2
躓く
つまずく
Striking one's foot against something and stumbling, or failing partway through something. Used in both concrete senses, as in 「石に躓く」, and metaphorical senses, as in 「計画が躓く」.
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
つまらない
つまらない
Not fun, not interesting. The antonym is 「面白い」 (interesting).
AI-generated translation
N3
つまり
つまり
In other words, in short. Used when summarizing something said before in short form. Example: 「母の妹、つまり私のおばです」 (my mother's younger sister, in other words, my aunt).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
詰まる
つまる
For something to become full and blocked. Example: 「鼻が詰まる」 (one's nose gets stuffy), 「予定が詰まっている」 (one's schedule is packed). 「言葉に詰まる」 means to suddenly be unable to find words. 「詰める」 is used when a person packs things in without gaps, while 「詰まる」 is used when something becomes full and blocked: compare 「予定を詰める」 with 「予定が詰まる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
罪
つみ
An act that goes against law or morality, or the responsibility one bears toward others. A noun referring to such a blameworthy act or that responsibility, used in expressions such as 「罪を犯す」「罪を償う」.
AI-generated translation
N2
積み重ねる
つみかさねる
Successively piling up things and accumulating them. Used in contexts of gradually increasing experience or effort, as in 「経験を積み重ねる」「努力を積み重ねる」.
AI-generated translation
N2
積み立て
つみたて
Saving up money little by little on a regular basis for the future. Used in expressions such as 「積み立てをする」「積み立て預金」 in contexts of systematically accumulating money.
AI-generated translation
N2
摘み取る
つみとる
To pluck buds, flowers, or fruit of a plant with one's fingers. Used as in「茶を摘み取る」(to pick tea leaves),「いちごを摘み取る」(to pick strawberries). By extension, it is also used figuratively to mean removing something undesirable at an early stage, as in「悪の芽を摘み取る」(to nip evil in the bud).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
積む
つむ
To pile things up on top of each other. Example: 「荷物を積む」 (to load luggage). Also used to mean building up experience repeatedly, as in 「経験を積む」 (to gain experience).
AI-generated translation
N1
紡ぐ
つむぐ
To twist together fibers such as cotton or silkworm cocoons to make a single thread. Used as in「綿を紡ぐ」(to spin cotton),「羊毛を紡ぐ」(to spin wool). By extension, it is also used figuratively to mean piecing together words or a story little by little to compose them, as in「物語を紡ぐ」(to weave a story),「言葉を紡ぐ」(to craft words).
AI-generated translation
N3
爪
つめ
nail. The hard part growing at the tip of a finger. Example: 「爪を切る」 (to cut one's nails).
AI-generated translation
N1
爪痕
つめあと
Literally, a scratch mark left by a claw or fingernail, as in 「壁に爪痕が残る」(claw marks remain on the wall). By extension, it is used metaphorically for the marks of serious damage or influence left behind by disasters or major events. It is often used in contexts describing the scars left by significant events, as in 「台風の爪痕」(the scars of a typhoon) or 「戦争の爪痕」(the scars of war).
AI-generated translation
N5
冷たい
つめたい
Cold (to the touch). Feeling a low temperature when touching something. 「冷たい水」(cold water). For weather, 「寒い」is used.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.