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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N3
香り
かおり
fragrance. A pleasant smell. Example: 「花の香り」 (the fragrance of flowers), 「コーヒーの香り」 (the aroma of coffee). Not used for bad smells. The verb form is 「香る」.
AI-generated translation
N3
画家
がか
painter. A person whose job is painting pictures.
AI-generated translation
N3
抱える
かかえる
To hold something in one's arms as if wrapping around it. Example: 「荷物を抱える」 (to carry luggage in one's arms). Also used to mean having a trouble, as in 「問題を抱える」 (to have a problem to deal with), 「借金を抱える」 (to be carrying debt).
AI-generated translation
N3
価格
かかく
price. The price of a good. Example: 「価格が上がる」 (the price rises), 「販売価格」 (selling price). More formal than 「値段」, used in business and news.
AI-generated translation
N3
化学
かがく
chemistry. The study of the properties and changes of substances. Example: 「化学反応」 (chemical reaction), 「化学製品」 (chemical products). To distinguish it from the homophone 「科学」 (science), it is sometimes pronounced 「ばけがく」 in speech.
AI-generated translation
N3
輝く
かがやく
shine. To glitter and sparkle. Example: 「星が輝く」 (stars shine). Also used to mean looking full of life, as in 「目が輝く」 (one's eyes sparkle), 「輝かしい成績」 (a brilliant record).
AI-generated translation
N3
係
かかり
The person in charge of a certain task. Example: 「案内係」 (an information attendant), 「係の人に聞く」 (to ask the person in charge). Also forms compound words like 「係員」 (staff member) and 「係長」 (section chief).
AI-generated translation
N5
かかる
かかる
To require time or money. Example: 「駅まで十分かかる」 (it takes 10 minutes to the station). Has various uses, as in 「かぎがかかる」 (to be locked), 「電話がかかる」 (a call comes in). Written with the kanji 「掛かる」, but usually written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N2, N5
鍵
かぎ
key. A tool for opening or locking a door, etc. 「かぎをかける」 means to lock a door, etc.
AI-generated translation
N3
限る
かぎる
To decide a range up to a certain point. Example: 「参加は学生に限る」 (participation is limited to students). Often used in the forms 「〜に限って」 (an expression meaning something bad happens only at that particular time) and 「〜とは限らない」 (meaning that isn't always the case).
AI-generated translation
N2
額
がく
An amount of money; also a frame for displaying a picture or photograph. Besides expressing the size of a sum, as in "保険料の額" or "多額の寄付", it is also used in the sense of a frame, as in "額に入れて飾る". The same "額" read as "ひたい" is a different word meaning the part of the face above the eyebrows.
AI-generated translation
N5
書く
かく
write. To represent characters or a sentence using a pen or pencil. Example: 「名前を書く」 (to write one's name).
AI-generated translation
N1
画一的
かくいつてき
It describes a manner in which everything fits the same standard or the same mold, with no individuality or difference. Used in expressions like 「画一的な教育」 or 「画一的に扱う」, it is often used to negatively express a state in which diversity has been lost.
AI-generated translation
N1
画策
かくさく
「画」 means to plan a scheme, and 「策」 means a scheme; together they mean to plan out schemes. It refers to secretly devising a plan and acting on it for some purpose. It is mostly used with a negative connotation, carrying the sense of acting in the shadows, as in 「裏で画策する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
拡散
かくさん
It refers to things spreading and scattering over a wide range. Used in expressions like 「情報が拡散する」, 「ガスが拡散する」, or 「噂が拡散する」, in situations of spreading or being transmitted widely from one point to the surroundings.
AI-generated translation
N2
学識
がくしき
「学」 means learning, and 「識」 means knowledge; together they refer to knowledge obtained through learning. It refers to deep knowledge acquired through scholarship. Used in expressions like 「学識経験者」 or 「高い学識」, it is a formal word for specialized insight acquired through long years of research.
AI-generated translation
N1
確執
かくしつ
「確」 means firm, and 「執」 means to grasp and not let go; together they mean firmly holding to one's claims without yielding to each other. It refers to not yielding one's opinions and continuing to be in opposition. It expresses situations in which a relationship has become tense within an organization or among relatives. Used in expressions like 「両者の確執が表面化する」.
AI-generated translation
N2
革新
かくしん
「革」 means to renew, and 「新」 means new; together they mean to renew and make new. It refers to greatly reforming old institutions or structures. Used in expressions like 「技術革新」 or 「革新的な発想」, in situations of fundamentally changing how things have been. The word with the opposite meaning is 「保守」.
AI-generated translation
N3
隠す
かくす
hide. To keep something from being seen or known by others. Example: 「お金を隠す」 (to hide money), 「本心を隠す」 (to hide one's true feelings). 「隠す」 is used when someone makes a person or thing unseen, and 「隠れる」 when one becomes unseen oneself: 「子どもを隠す」 versus 「子どもが隠れる」.
AI-generated translation
N5
学生
がくせい
student. A person who studies at school. Often refers to someone studying at a university.
AI-generated translation
N2
学説
がくせつ
「学」 means learning or scholarship, and 「説」 means opinion or doctrine; together they refer to a doctrine in scholarship. It refers to a doctrine or view about a matter put forward through academic research. Used in expressions like 「新しい学説」 or 「対立する学説」, referring to a theory put forward by a researcher.
AI-generated translation
N3
拡大
かくだい
expansion. To spread something out and make it bigger. To become bigger. Example: 「写真を拡大する」 (to enlarge a photo), 「感染が拡大する」 (infection spreads). The word with the opposite meaning is 「縮小」 (reduction).
AI-generated translation
N3
隠れる
かくれる
To hide oneself so that others cannot find you. Example: 「木の陰に隠れる」 (to hide in the shade of a tree). Also used to mean not known to the world, as in 「隠れた名店」 (a hidden gem restaurant). 「隠れる」 is used when one becomes unseen oneself, and 「隠す」 when someone makes a person or thing unseen: 「子どもが隠れる」 versus 「子どもを隠す」.
AI-generated translation
N3
影
かげ
shadow. A dark shape that forms behind an object when light hits it. Example: 「影ができる」 (a shadow forms), 「影ふみ」 (a shadow-tag game). There is also the expression 「影が薄い」 (to not stand out). The homophone 「陰」 refers to a place light does not reach, and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
陰
かげ
A place where light or one's gaze does not reach. Example: 「木の陰で休む」 (to rest in the shade of a tree), 「ドアの陰にかくれる」 (to hide behind a door). Also used to mean somewhere out of a person's sight, as in 「陰で悪口を言う」 (to badmouth someone behind their back). The homophone 「影」 refers to a dark shape cast by light, and is written differently.
AI-generated translation
N1
かけがえのない
かけがえのない
「かけがえ」 is 「掛け替え」, originally meaning something to substitute. 「かけがえのない」 means that it 「ない」 (does not exist), that is, the quality of being so precious that nothing else can replace it. Used in expressions like 「かけがえのない家族」 or 「かけがえのない時間」, expressing a unique and precious existence.
AI-generated translation
N3
欠ける
かける
For part of something to break off and be missing. Example: 「茶わんが欠ける」 (a chip breaks off a rice bowl). Also used to mean lacking something necessary, as in 「常識に欠ける」 (to lack common sense), 「メンバーが一人欠ける」 (one member is missing).
AI-generated translation
N2
加減
かげん
To adjust the degree of something to just the right level; also, that condition itself.
AI-generated translation
N3
過去
かこ
past. Time that has already passed. Example: 「過去をふり返る」 (to look back on the past), 「過去の失敗」 (past failures). The antonyms are 「未来」 (future) and 「現在」 (present).
AI-generated translation
N3
籠
かご
A container made by weaving bamboo, wire, etc. Example: 「買い物籠」 (a shopping basket), 「鳥籠」 (a birdcage).
AI-generated translation
N2
過酷
かこく
「過」 means excessive, and 「酷」 means cruel; together they mean cruelty that exceeds proper measure. It refers to a degree of severity that surpasses the limit one can endure. Used in expressions like 「過酷な労働」 or 「過酷な環境」, in situations where the burden on people or things becomes extremely heavy.
AI-generated translation
N1
かこつける
かこつける
It refers to hiding the true reason and using something else as a pretext. Used in expressions like 「病気にかこつけて休む」 or 「忙しさにかこつける」, in situations of using something as an excuse to hide one's true intent.
AI-generated translation
N3
囲む
かこむ
surround. To encircle something. Example: 「テーブルを囲む」 (to sit around a table), 「山に囲まれた町」 (a town surrounded by mountains). The noun form is 「囲い」.
AI-generated translation
N5
傘
かさ
umbrella. A tool held up to block rain or sunlight. Example: 「傘をさす」 (to hold up an umbrella).
AI-generated translation
N3
火災
かさい
fire. A disaster in which a building, etc., burns. Example: 「火災報知器」 (fire alarm), 「火災が発生する」 (a fire breaks out). A more formal way of saying 「火事」, used in news and documents.
AI-generated translation
N1
寡作
かさく
「寡」 means few, and 「作」 means works; together they mean having few works. It refers to a writer or artist who produces only a small number of works in their lifetime. Used in expressions like 「寡作の作家」. The opposite is 「多作」. It is a word seen in contexts speaking of the volume of creative output.
AI-generated translation
N3
重なる
かさなる
For objects to be piled one on top of another in the same place. Example: 「本が重なる」 (books are stacked). Also used to mean things concentrating at the same time, as in 「予定が重なる」 (schedules overlap), 「不幸が重なる」 (misfortunes pile up).
AI-generated translation
N3
重ねる
かさねる
To place things on top of each other and stack them. Example: 「皿を重ねる」 (to stack plates). Also used to mean repeating something continuously, as in 「努力を重ねる」 (to make repeated efforts), 「年を重ねる」 (to grow older). 「重ねる」 is used when someone piles things up, and 「重なる」 when things end up piled up: 「皿を重ねる」 versus 「皿が重なる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
かさばる
かさばる
It refers to an object having a large volume and taking up space. Used in expressions like 「冬物がかさばる」 or 「荷物がかさばる」, in situations where it is the size of the volume, not the weight, that is the issue.
AI-generated translation
N1
かさむ
かさむ
It refers to an amount or quantity increasing and becoming large. Used in expressions like 「経費がかさむ」 or 「出費がかさむ」, mainly in situations where money or quantity of goods increases more than expected.
AI-generated translation
N3
飾り
かざり
decoration. Something attached to make a thing look beautiful. Example: 「クリスマスの飾り」 (Christmas decorations), 「首飾り」 (a necklace).
AI-generated translation
N3
飾る
かざる
decorate. To place or attach things so they look beautiful. Example: 「花を飾る」 (to decorate with flowers), 「部屋を飾る」 (to decorate a room). Also used to mean making something appear better than it really is, as in 「言葉を飾る」 (to embellish one's words).
AI-generated translation
N3
火山
かざん
volcano. A mountain formed by magma erupting from underground. Example: 「火山が噴火する」 (a volcano erupts), 「活火山」 (an active volcano).
AI-generated translation
N3
歌手
かしゅ
singer. A person whose job is singing songs. Example: 「人気歌手」 (a popular singer).
AI-generated translation
N1
寡少
かしょう
「寡」 means few, and 「少」 means few; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to a number or amount that is extremely small. Used in expressions like 「寡少な資源」, it is a formal word used in contexts that emphasize being limited.
AI-generated translation
N3
数
かず
number. Something that shows how many of something there are. Example: 「数が多い」 (a large number). The reading changes to 「かぞ(える)」 and 「すう」 in words like 「数える」 (to count) and 「数字」 (a numeral/figure).
AI-generated translation
N3, N5
貸す
かす
lend. To let someone use one's own thing for a certain time. The opposite, using someone else's thing, is 「かりる」 (to borrow).
AI-generated translation
N2
微か
かすか
It describes a manner in which sound, light, or smell is so small that it can only barely be perceived. Used in expressions like 「微かな音」 or 「微かに見える」, it expresses a faint and unclear sensation.
AI-generated translation
N1
霞む
かすむ
It refers to distant scenery looking blurry due to mist or haze. Used in expressions like 「山が霞む」 or 「目が霞む」, it expresses a state in which vision is not clear. By metaphor it is also used in the sense of becoming inconspicuous, as in 「主役が霞む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
かすめる
かすめる
It refers to passing by very close to the side of something, or lightly touching it. Used in expressions like 「鳥が水面をかすめる」 or 「ボールが頬をかすめる」, in situations of light contact.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.