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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N2
権力
けんりょく
It refers to a strong power that can make others submit. Used in expressions like 「権力を握る」 or 「権力を振るう」, it indicates the dominant power in politics or an organization.
AI-generated translation
N3
語
ご
A word. It is not used alone as in 「語を覚える」; it is used in combination with other words. Coming first: 「語学」 (language study), 「語順」 (word order), 「語数」 (word count). Coming last: 「単語」 (a vocabulary word), 「外来語」 (a loanword), 「流行語」 (a buzzword), 「熟語」 (a compound word). It is also often attached to the name of a country or region to indicate that language, as in 「日本語」「フランス語」.
AI-generated translation
N5
個
こ
counter for small objects. A word for counting small, round things such as apples and eggs. いっこ・にこ・さんこ・よんこ・ごこ・ろっこ・ななこ・はっこ・きゅうこ・じゅっこ, 「なんこ」. With 1, 6, 8, and 10 a small 「っ」 is inserted.
AI-generated translation
N2
故意
こい
It refers to doing something on purpose. Used in expressions like 「故意に」 or 「故意の」, it is a formal word indicating that something is not by negligence, used in legal contexts and situations involving trouble.
AI-generated translation
N3
恋
こい
love. A feeling of strongly liking a particular person and wanting to see them. Example: 「恋をする」 (to fall in love), 「恋に落ちる」 (to fall in love). Places more emphasis on the desire to be with the other person than 「愛」 (love/affection) does.
AI-generated translation
N3
恋しい
こいしい
A strong feeling of wanting to see someone who is far away. 「遠くにいる家族が恋しい」. It is used not only for people but also for places, things, seasons, and other non-human subjects; in that case it expresses longing for and cherishing something that is not at hand and cannot be obtained now. 「故郷が恋しい」「日本の味噌汁が恋しい」「暖かい春が恋しい」.
AI-generated translation
N3
恋人
こいびと
lover. A person that both parties are romantically in love with. Example: 「恋人ができる」 (to get a boyfriend/girlfriend), 「恋人同士」 (a couple).
AI-generated translation
N1
高圧的
こうあつてき
「高圧」 originally means high pressure and refers to physically strong pressure, as in high-voltage power lines or high-pressure gas. From this, the term came to be used metaphorically for a strong attitude that presses down on others from above. Used in expressions like 「高圧的な態度」 or 「高圧的に出る」, in critical contexts of human relations or negotiations.
AI-generated translation
N3
好意
こうい
A feeling of liking someone and wanting to do something good for them. It expresses kindness, as in 「好意で手伝う」「ご好意に甘える」. It also refers to romantic feelings of being drawn to a person, and in the forms 「好意を寄せる」「好意を持つ」 it often means liking someone as a romantic partner. The homophone 「行為」 refers to what a person does and has a completely different meaning, so the two are written differently.
AI-generated translation
N3
行為
こうい
What a person does. Behavior. Example: 「違法行為」 (an illegal act). The homophone 「好意」 is a different word.
AI-generated translation
N3
幸運
こううん
good luck. Being fortunate. Example: 「幸運にめぐまれる」 (to be blessed with good luck), 「幸運を祈る」 (to wish someone good luck). The antonym is 「不運」 (bad luck).
AI-generated translation
N2
講演
こうえん
Giving a talk on a topic before a large audience; a lecture. 講演会 (a lecture event). The homophone 公演 means performing a play, music, etc. for an audience, and is distinguished from 講演, which is about giving a talk.
AI-generated translation
N5
公園
こうえん
park. A large open place anyone can enter to rest or play.
AI-generated translation
N2
硬貨
こうか
Money made of metal; a coin. Money made of paper is called 「紙幣」.
AI-generated translation
N3
効果
こうか
effect. A good result that appears from doing something. Example: 「薬の効果」 (the effect of medicine), 「効果がある」 (to be effective). 「逆効果」 (a counterproductive/opposite effect) is also commonly used.
AI-generated translation
N3
高価
こうか
expensive. Being high in price. Example: 「高価な宝石」 (an expensive jewel). The antonym is 「安価」 (cheap). Written differently from the homophones 「効果」 (effect) and 「硬貨」 (a coin).
AI-generated translation
N3
豪華
ごうか
luxurious. A lavish, splendid state. Example: 「豪華な食事」 (a luxurious meal), 「豪華なホテル」 (a luxurious hotel).
AI-generated translation
N3
合格
ごうかく
To pass an exam or inspection. Example: 「大学に合格する」 (to pass a university entrance exam), 「合格発表」 (announcement of exam results). The antonym is 「不合格」 (failure).
AI-generated translation
N3
交換
こうかん
exchange. To swap one thing for another. Example: 「プレゼントを交換する」 (to exchange gifts), 「部品を交換する」 (to replace a part), 「名刺交換」 (exchanging business cards).
AI-generated translation
N1
高貴
こうき
It refers to being of high status and having dignity. Used in expressions like 「高貴な家柄」 or 「高貴な香り」, it is a somewhat archaic word expressing the elegance and formality of people or things.
AI-generated translation
N3
航空
こうくう
Flying through the sky by airplane. It is rarely used on its own; it is combined with other words, as in 「航空会社」 (an airline), 「航空券」 (an airline ticket), 「航空便」 (airmail, an air service), 「航空機」 (an aircraft), 「航空写真」 (an aerial photograph).
AI-generated translation
N2
光景
こうけい
A scene or sight before one's eyes. Often used for scenes that carry the viewer's impression, as in 悲惨な光景 (a tragic sight), ほほえましい光景 (a heartwarming scene). Whereas 風景 refers to views of land or nature, 光景 includes how events appear.
AI-generated translation
N3
合計
ごうけい
total. The number or amount when everything is added together. Example: 「合計金額」 (the total amount), 「合計する」 (to total up).
AI-generated translation
N3
攻撃
こうげき
attack. To assault an enemy. Example: 「攻撃をしかける」 (to launch an attack). Also used to mean strongly criticizing something, as in 「発言を攻撃する」 (to attack someone's statement). The antonyms are 「守備」 (defense) and 「防御」 (defense).
AI-generated translation
N1
高潔
こうけつ
「高」 means noble, and 「潔」 means pure and free from impurity. It describes a noble character that is pure and free from greed or baseness. Used in expressions like 「高潔な人格」 or 「高潔の士」, it is a formal word used to strongly praise a person's character.
AI-generated translation
N2
貢献
こうけん
To exert effort and be of use for the sake of something or for society.
AI-generated translation
N1
豪語
ごうご
「豪」 means grand or exaggerated, and 「語」 means to speak. It refers to declaring grand things with full confidence. Used in expressions like 「優勝を豪語する」 or 「豪語してはばからない」, it is a word with a slightly ironic tone, describing the attitude of making boastful claims.
AI-generated translation
N3
広告
こうこく
advertisement. To widely inform people about a product or service. The text or footage used to do so. Example: 「新聞広告」 (a newspaper advertisement), 「広告を出す」 (to place an ad).
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
交差
こうさ
Two or more lines or roads crossing each other.
AI-generated translation
N2
功罪
こうざい
Both the good and bad sides that a matter or person possesses. Used in expressions like 「功罪相半ばする」 or 「功罪を論じる」, it is a formal word used in situations of stating both sides of an evaluation together.
AI-generated translation
N3
交際
こうさい
dating. To be in a relationship with someone. Especially, being in a romantic relationship with someone. Example: 「交際を始める」 (to start dating), 「交際範囲が広い」 (to have a wide circle of acquaintances).
AI-generated translation
N5
交差点
こうさてん
A place where roads cross. Often has a traffic light.
AI-generated translation
N1
公算
こうさん
「公」 means public or objective, and 「算」 means to calculate; together they refer to a likelihood that has been objectively calculated. It refers to the likelihood or prospect that something will turn out a certain way. Used in expressions like 「公算が大きい」 or 「公算が高い」, it is a formal word used when stating a forecast in newspapers and news reports.
AI-generated translation
N2
後者
こうしゃ
The latter of two things mentioned. The opposite is 前者 (the former). Used in writing.
AI-generated translation
N2
控除
こうじょ
To subtract a fixed portion from a certain amount. 「医療費控除」. Used in procedures involving money and taxes.
AI-generated translation
N1
鉱床
こうしょう
「鉱」 means mineral, and 「床」 means a place or layer where matter accumulates; together they refer to a place where minerals form a layer. It refers to a place underground where minerals that can be mined are concentrated. It is a somewhat specialized formal word used in geological and resource development contexts, as in 「銅の鉱床」 or 「鉱床を発見する」.
AI-generated translation
N1
強情
ごうじょう
「強」 means strong, and 「情」 means temperament or feeling; together they mean a strong and stubborn temperament. It refers to not changing one's view and stubbornly pushing it through. Used in expressions like 「強情を張る」 or 「強情な性格」, it is a word expressing an inflexible attitude.
AI-generated translation
N2
交渉
こうしょう
To talk with another party in order to settle a matter.
AI-generated translation
N2
向上
こうじょう
An ability or condition becoming better than before. The paired opposite word is 「低下」.
AI-generated translation
N2
降水
こうすい
Water that falls from the sky, such as rain or snow. 「降水確率」. A word used in weather forecasts.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
洪水
こうずい
A river overflowing due to heavy rain or the like, leaving the land flooded. Also used figuratively, as in 「情報の洪水」.
AI-generated translation
N2
更生
こうせい
「更」 means to renew, and 「生」 means to live; together they mean to live again. It refers to recovering from a bad state or way of life and starting anew. Used in expressions like 「社会復帰して更生する」, in situations of someone who has committed a crime or faced problems making a fresh start.
AI-generated translation
N2
構成
こうせい
To assemble several elements into a single whole; also, that assembly itself.
AI-generated translation
N2
功績
こうせき
It refers to splendid achievements recognized by society, left behind through effort or work. Used in expressions like 「功績を残す」 or 「功績をたたえる」, it is a formal word for accomplishments or contributions.
AI-generated translation
N1
傲然
ごうぜん
「傲」 means to be arrogant and to look down on others. It describes an attitude of acting haughtily and looking down on those around. Used in expressions like 「傲然と言い放つ」 or 「傲然たる態度」, it is a formal word expressing strong arrogance.
AI-generated translation
N2
公然
こうぜん
Being openly and clearly public, without concern for others' eyes. 「公然と批判する」「公然の秘密」.
AI-generated translation
N2
抗争
こうそう
To fight fiercely against an opponent. Often used for conflict between groups or organizations.
AI-generated translation
N2
構想
こうそう
To work out in one's mind the overall plan for how to carry something forward.
AI-generated translation
N2
拘束
こうそく
「拘」 means to detain, and 「束」 means to bind; the word combines two synonymous characters. It refers to not allowing a person or thing to move freely and binding them within a fixed range. Used in expressions like 「身柄を拘束する」 or 「拘束時間」, it is a formal word used in police and labor contexts.
AI-generated translation
N3
高速
こうそく
high speed. Being very fast in speed. Example: 「高速で移動する」 (to move at high speed). Also commonly used as a shortened form of 「高速道路」 (expressway), as in 「高速に乗る」 (to get on the expressway).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.