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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N2
衰退
すいたい
The decline of momentum or power into a state inferior to before. A formal word used in forms like 「産業が衰退する」「伝統文化の衰退」 in contexts where the strength of large entities such as nations, industries, cultures, or organizations diminishes.
AI-generated translation
N2
垂直
すいちょく
The state of being straight at a right angle to a horizontal plane. A formal word used in forms like 「垂直に立てる」「垂直な壁」 expressing exact perpendicularity in a geometric or physical sense. Also used metaphorically, as in 「垂直統合」.
AI-generated translation
N4
水道
すいどう
The facility that brings water to homes. Water coming out of a faucet.
AI-generated translation
N1
随伴
ずいはん
The act of accompanying a principal person or matter. A formal word used in forms like 「大臣に随伴する」「随伴現象」 in official or academic contexts. It is read 「ずいはん」; note that 「随」 is voiced as 「ずい」.
AI-generated translation
N2
随分
ずいぶん
A state in which the degree greatly exceeds expectation. Used in forms like 「随分変わった」「随分遠い」 with the speaker's intuitive evaluation. Used in both spoken and written language, often combined with 「〜なものだ」「〜だね」.
AI-generated translation
N2
水没
すいぼつ
The state of buildings or land sinking under water and disappearing from view. A formal word used in forms like 「川の氾濫で村が水没する」「地下駐車場が水没した」, expressing flood damage from inundation or accidents.
AI-generated translation
N1
睡魔
すいま
An expression likening overpowering drowsiness to a demon. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「睡魔に襲われる」「睡魔と闘う」, personifying the sleepiness that comes when one does not wish to sleep.
AI-generated translation
N2
水脈
すいみゃく
An underground waterway. Refers to a stream of groundwater that gathers and flows in a band. Used in expressions like 「水脈を掘り当てる」「水脈を探る」, and also metaphorically for invisible currents such as 「思想の水脈」 (a current of thought).
AI-generated translation
N4
数学
すうがく
mathematics. The subject in which one studies numbers and calculation.
AI-generated translation
N1
崇高
すうこう
Meaning noble, sacred, and spiritually elevated. A formal word used in forms like 「崇高な理念」「崇高な使命」, in contexts praising abstract values such as ideals, spirit, or character.
AI-generated translation
N3
数字
すうじ
numeral. A character used to represent a number. 1, 2, 3, etc. Also used to mean things related to calculation or statistics, as in 「数字に強い」 (good with numbers).
AI-generated translation
N2
図々しい
ずうずうしい
A manner of acting without restraint, with no concern for the trouble caused to others. A colloquial word expressing negative evaluation of someone who unhesitatingly demands or acts without regard for others, used in forms like 「図々しい態度」「図々しく頼む」.
AI-generated translation
N1
趨勢
すうせい
The direction in which things are heading, or the overall flow. A formal word used in forms like 「時代の趨勢」「世界の趨勢に従う」 referring to large currents rather than individual events. It is read 「すうせい」, with 「趨」 as 「すう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
崇拝
すうはい
The act of revering and worshipping deities or great figures from the heart. A formal word used in forms like 「英雄を崇拝する」「崇拝の対象」, in religious contexts or with strong reverence. It carries deeper respect than mere fondness.
AI-generated translation
N2
据え置き
すえおき
To place something in a designated spot and leave it there without moving it. By extension, it means to keep fees, prices, systems, and the like unchanged. Used in expressions like 「据え置き型エアコン」, 「料金据え置き」, and 「金利据え置き」. A formal word used in economic and administrative contexts, expressing a deliberate decision not to change something even when a change is expected.
AI-generated translation
N1
末頼もしい
すえたのもしい
「末」means the future or what lies ahead. The expression means that the future is promising and great expectations can be placed on someone or something. Used when evaluating young people or things that have just begun, with the meaning "the road ahead is something to look forward to." Used in expressions like 「末頼もしい若手」 and 「末頼もしい活躍」, this is a somewhat formal phrase used in situations that suggest a person's future growth.
AI-generated translation
N2
据え付ける
すえつける
The act of fixing machines or equipment in their designated position. Used in forms like 「エアコンを据え付ける」「機械を据え付ける」 in contexts of installing large, hard-to-move items. It carries the implication that once installed, it is not easily moved.
AI-generated translation
N1
据える
すえる
The act of placing an object or person in a particular position or status so that it remains fixed. Used in forms like 「腰を据える」「社長に据える」 for both physical placement and abstract assignment. A formal word with the implication of bringing something into a settled, stable state.
AI-generated translation
N1
透かす
すかす
A verb meaning to create gaps so that one can see through, or to hold something up to the light to see what is inside. Used in expressions like 「紙を透かして見る」 and 「枝を透かす」. Here it is read as 「す」, not 「とう」.
AI-generated translation
N3
姿
すがた
The overall visible form or appearance of a person or thing. Example: 「後ろ姿」 (a view from behind). Also used to mean being present somewhere, as in 「姿を消す」 (to disappear).
AI-generated translation
N1
すがる
すがる
A verb meaning to grip something firmly to support one's body. The original meaning is to rely on something physically, as in 「手すりにすがる」. By extension, it means to entrust both body and mind to something one can depend on, in a situation one cannot manage by one's own strength. Used in expressions like 「望みにすがる」 and 「神にすがる」, in contexts that carry desperation and urgency.
AI-generated translation
N4
過ぎる
すぎる
To pass a time or place. Example: 「えきを過ぎる」 (to pass a station). Also used to mean an excessive degree, as in 「食べ過ぎる」 (to eat too much).
AI-generated translation
N1
鋤く
すく
The act of turning over field soil with the farming tool called 「鋤」. An agricultural term referring to tilling the earth for cultivation, used in forms like 「畑を鋤く」. It is read 「すく」 and differs in usage from homophones such as 「漉く」「梳く」「透く」.
AI-generated translation
N3
空く
すく
to become less crowded, to get hungry. For the people or things inside to decrease so that space opens up. It is used for a decrease in people, as in "電車が空く" (the train becomes less crowded), and also for becoming hungry as food in the stomach decreases, as in "おなかが空く". The same "空く" read as "あく" becomes a different word meaning that a seat or room becomes empty.
AI-generated translation
N4, N5
すぐ
すぐ
immediately. A state of something happening without delay. Example: 「すぐ来ます」 (I'll come right away).
AI-generated translation
N1
巣食う
すくう
The act of birds or insects making a nest and dwelling there. From this it also extends to bad thoughts or evil forces taking root inside. A somewhat formal word often used metaphorically, in forms like 「疑念が心に巣食う」「組織に巣食う不正」.
AI-generated translation
N4
少ない
すくない
A state where a number or amount is small. The antonym is 「多い」 (many).
AI-generated translation
N1
少なからず
すくなからず
Meaning that the degree or amount is too significant to ignore. A formal way of saying 「かなり」「相当」, used in contexts expressing the magnitude of emotion or impact, in forms like 「少なからず驚いた」「少なからず影響を受けた」.
AI-generated translation
N2
優れる
すぐれる
The state of having abilities or qualities at a higher level than others. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「優れた才能」「景色が優れている」 to evaluate ability, quality, or condition highly. The negative form 「優れない」 can also indicate poor physical condition.
AI-generated translation
N4
凄い
すごい
A state where the degree of something is very great. Used both positively and negatively. Example: 「凄いあめ」 (tremendous rain).
AI-generated translation
N3
過ごす
すごす
To spend time living. Example: 「休日を家で過ごす」 (to spend a holiday at home). A person using time is 「過ごす」, while time passing by on its own is 「過ぎる」; they are used as in 「休日を過ごす」 versus 「休日が過ぎる」.
AI-generated translation
N1
健やか
すこやか
Sound and healthy in body and mind. Often used in wishes for children's growth, as in 健やかに育つ (grow up healthy).
AI-generated translation
N1
凄まじい
すさまじい
Means far beyond the ordinary in degree, to an overwhelming extent. Used to emphasize the intensity of natural phenomena, emotions, momentum, and so on, as in 「凄まじい勢い」 and 「凄まじい音」. Can be used in both positive and negative senses. Also often written in hiragana as 「すさまじい」.
AI-generated translation
N1
ずさん
ずさん
Means that the way something is done is sloppy, with many errors and cut corners. A formal word of negative evaluation used for work, documents, and plans, as in 「ずさんな計画」 and 「ずさんな管理」. In kanji it is written 「杜撰」, but it is generally written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N2
筋書き
すじがき
Originally a word referring to the script or synopsis of a play. By extension, it refers to a plan or course of events envisioned in advance. Often used in expressions like 「筋書き通りに進む」 and 「筋書きが狂う」, in contexts discussing whether actual circumstances match the planned course of events.
AI-generated translation
N1
筋道
すじみち
The order or logical flow when proceeding with something. A somewhat formal word used in forms like 「筋道を立てて説明する」「話の筋道が通る」, evaluating logic and order, expressing the consistency of reasoning.
AI-generated translation
N1
素性
すじょう
A person's origin or family background, or an object's source. Used in forms like 「素性の知れない人物」「素性が明らかな品」 when inquiring about provenance or identity. It is read 「すじょう」, with 「素」 as 「す」 and 「性」 as 「じょう」.
AI-generated translation
N1
濯ぐ
すすぐ
To wash something with water to remove dirt or detergent. This kanji is not used in everyday writing and is normally written in hiragana. The kanji 「漱ぐ」, which is read the same way as 「すすぐ」, means to rinse out one's mouth with water, whereas this word means to wash things such as clothing.
AI-generated translation
N4
進む
すすむ
To move forward. Also used to mean study or work progressing.
AI-generated translation
N3
勧める
すすめる
recommend. To tell someone that it would be good to do something. Example: 「入会を勧める」 (to recommend joining). When recommending a person or a book, it can also be written 「薦める」. Note the distinction from the homophone 「進める」 (to move forward).
AI-generated translation
N2, N3
進める
すすめる
To move something forward. Example: 「車を進める」 (to move a car forward). Also used to mean carrying something to a further stage, as in 「計画を進める」 (to advance a plan). A person moving something forward is 「進める」, while something moving forward on its own is 「進む」; they are used as in 「計画を進める」 versus 「計画が進む」. Note the distinction from the homophone 「勧める」 (to recommend to someone).
AI-generated translation
N2
巣立つ
すだつ
A verb meaning that a baby bird grows up, leaves the nest, and flies away. By extension, it means a child leaving their parents to become independent, or a young person graduating from school and entering society. Used in expressions like 「子どもが巣立つ」 and 「学び舎から巣立つ」, in contexts of moving from a sheltered place to an independent life.
AI-generated translation
N1
廃れる
すたれる
The state in which things once widely used gradually fall out of use. Used in forms like 「古い風習が廃れる」「流行が廃れる」 in contexts of customs, cultures, or trends declining and disappearing. It carries the nuance of fading away naturally.
AI-generated translation
N3
頭痛
ずつう
headache. Having a pain in one's head. Example: 「頭痛がする」 (to have a headache). There is also the expression 「頭痛の種」 (a source of worry).
AI-generated translation
N3
すっかり
すっかり
completely. Entirely, with nothing left out. Example: 「すっかり忘れていた」 (had completely forgotten). Also used to mean a state having completely changed, as in 「すっかり秋になった」 (it has completely become autumn).
AI-generated translation
N2
すっきり
すっきり
The state of being free of clutter or worries and feeling pleasantly organized. A colloquial adverb used in forms like 「部屋がすっきりする」「頭がすっきりする」 for both physical tidiness and mental refreshment.
AI-generated translation
N3
既に
すでに
already. A state in which something has already ended or begun by that time. Mostly used in written language; in spoken language, 「もう」 is normal.
AI-generated translation
N4
捨てる
すてる
To throw away something unneeded as trash. Example: 「ごみを捨てる」 (to throw away trash).
AI-generated translation
N4
砂
すな
sand. Fine grains found at the beach, desert, etc.
AI-generated translation
N3
素直
すなお
A personality or attitude that is straightforward and accepts what others say as it is. Example: 「素直に謝る」 (to apologize sincerely/without resistance).
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.