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ALL LEVELS・N1–N5
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4,238words (N1–N5 total)
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N1
うねる
うねる
A state in which waves, roads, or bodies continue while bending and curving in large undulations. Used as in 「大波がうねる」 or 「山道がうねる」. Expresses a state not of static straight lines but of continuous motion describing curves and rises and falls.
AI-generated translation
N1
鵜呑み
うのみ
「鵜」 (cormorant) is a bird that catches fish in its beak and swallows them whole without chewing. From this image comes the idiom expressing the act of believing someone's words or information as-is without proper verification. Used in the form 「鵜呑みにする」, it negatively describes an attitude of accepting things without scrutiny. Frequently appears in journalism, political, and educational contexts.
AI-generated translation
N3
奪う
うばう
To forcibly take another person's belongings. Example: 「財布を奪う」 (to steal a wallet), 「自由を奪う」 (to take away someone's freedom). Also used to mean being strongly captivated, as in 「心を奪われる」 (to have one's heart captured).
AI-generated translation
N2
埋まる
うまる
The state in which something enters from above or inside and becomes covered or filled. Used as in 「雪に埋まる」 or 「予定が埋まる」, in both the physical sense of being covered and the sense of all empty spaces being filled.
AI-generated translation
N1
産みの苦しみ
うみのくるしみ
Originally referred to the pain of childbirth. By extension, it is an idiom expressing the mental and physical hardship experienced in the process of creating something new. Used metaphorically for difficulties in situations of creating something from scratch, such as creative work or launching a business, as in 「新商品開発の産みの苦しみ」.
AI-generated translation
N1
有無
うむ
Existence and nonexistence. Used in scenes asking whether something exists, as in 「有無を確かめる」 or 「経験の有無」. Also used in the form 「有無を言わせず」 with the meaning of forcefully proceeding with something without obtaining the other party's consent.
AI-generated translation
N1
有無を言わさず
うむをいわさず
To proceed with something unilaterally without giving the other party room to consent or make excuses. Used in expressions like 「有無を言わさず連れて行く」, an idiom expressing forceful or coercive action. Used adverbially, frequently appearing in formal writing.
AI-generated translation
N1
埋め合わせ
うめあわせ
Making up for a deficiency, loss, or trouble caused, by some other form, in order to balance it out. Used as in 「損失の埋め合わせ」 or 「埋め合わせをする」 in scenes of filling in what is lacking later to restore equilibrium.
AI-generated translation
N1
埋め込む
うめこむ
Placing one thing firmly inside another and fixing it in place. Used as in 「床に配線を埋め込む」 or 「文章に引用を埋め込む」, both for physical installation and for inserting into documents or data.
AI-generated translation
N2
埋め立て
うめたて
Construction work that fills the sea, lakes, or swamps with earth and sand to create land. Used as in 「湾の埋め立て」 or 「埋め立て地」 in scenes of large-scale projects converting water surface into residential or industrial land.
AI-generated translation
N1, N2
埋もれる
うもれる
Being deeply hidden under or within something so as to be no longer visible, or one's talent or existence ending without being known to the world. Used as in 「雪に埋もれる」 or 「才能が埋もれる」, in both the physical sense of being covered and the sense of not being noticed.
AI-generated translation
N1
恭しい
うやうやしい
A state of taking an extremely polite and respectful attitude, with deep reverence toward the other party. Used as in 「恭しく頭を下げる」 or 「恭しい口調」. Frequently used in formal contexts with superiors or with deities and the Buddha.
AI-generated translation
N1
敬う
うやまう
Treating someone politely with feelings of respect toward superiors or distinguished people. Used as in 「師を敬う」 or 「先人を敬う」 in scenes of highly evaluating the character and achievements of the other party and showing courtesy.
AI-generated translation
N1
うやむや
うやむや
A state in which something is brought to an end without becoming clear, in an ambiguous manner. Used as in 「問題をうやむやにする」 or 「責任がうやむやになる」. Expresses a state of avoiding clear conclusions or resolution and finishing things off vaguely.
AI-generated translation
N1
紆余曲折
うよきょくせつ
A matter not progressing smoothly but going through a complicated course. Used as in 「紆余曲折を経て結論に至る」. A four-character compound originating from the image of a winding road, expressing situations in which arguments or plans proceed while changing many times.
AI-generated translation
N4
裏
うら
The back or outside-facing side of something that cannot be seen. Example: 「かみの裏に書く」 (to write on the back of a paper). The antonym is 「表」 (the front side).
AI-generated translation
N1
裏返す
うらがえす
Flipping front and back, or reviewing a story or stance from the opposite perspective. Used as in 「服を裏返す」 or 「発言を裏返す」, both for physical reversal and for the reversal of viewpoint or interpretation.
AI-generated translation
N3
裏切る
うらぎる
betray. To act against the expectations of someone who trusts you. Example: 「仲間を裏切る」 (to betray a companion). Also used to mean going against expectations, as in 「期待を裏切らない結果」 (a result that doesn't disappoint expectations).
AI-generated translation
N2
裏口
うらぐち
An entrance to a building that is not the front one. By extension, an improper, illegitimate means of doing something. Used in expressions like 「裏口入学」 and 「裏口から入る」.
AI-generated translation
N2
裏工作
うらこうさく
A scheme or behind-the-scenes maneuvering carried out secretly, without bringing it into the open. Used in expressions like 「裏工作を行う」. It carries a somewhat negative nuance.
AI-generated translation
N1
裏付け
うらづけ
Solid evidence or grounds showing that a claim or assumption is correct. Used as in 「裏付けを取る」 or 「発言の裏付けがない」. A formal word frequently appearing in news, investigations, and contexts of verifying facts.
AI-generated translation
N1
裏腹
うらはら
「裏」 refers to the back side and 「腹」 to the front side; from this contrast comes the meaning of an outward attitude or words being completely opposite to one's inner feelings. Used in expressions such as 「言葉とは裏腹に」 and 「気持ちとは裏腹に」, in situations where outward appearance contradicts true inner feelings.
AI-generated translation
N2
恨み
うらみ
A feeling of hatred toward someone because one feels one was treated terribly. Used as in 「恨みを抱く」 or 「恨みを晴らす」. Expresses a negative emotion that is deeper and lasts longer in the heart than momentary anger.
AI-generated translation
N3
恨む
うらむ
resent. To keep feeling hatred toward someone who did something terrible. Example: 「裏切った友人を恨む」 (to resent a friend who betrayed them). The noun form is 「恨み」.
AI-generated translation
N3
羨ましい
うらやましい
envious. A feeling of wanting to be like someone when seeing their possessions or circumstances. Example: 「自由な生活が羨ましい」 (to envy a free lifestyle).
AI-generated translation
N1
羨む
うらやむ
Wishing one had the talent or circumstances that someone else has. Used as in 「他人の成功を羨む」 or 「恵まれた環境を羨む」. It can include a feeling close to envy, but it can also simply express feelings of admiration.
AI-generated translation
N2
売り上げ
うりあげ
The total amount of money received from selling products or services. Used as in 「月間の売り上げ」 or 「売り上げが伸びる」. A basic indicator of a company's performance, frequently appearing in management and economic contexts.
AI-generated translation
N3
売上
うりあげ
sales. The total amount of money earned by selling goods or services. Example: 「売上が伸びる」 (sales grow), 「年間売上」 (annual sales).
AI-generated translation
N2
売り出し
うりだし
Beginning to sell a new product. Used when full-scale selling starts, as in 「新商品の売り出し」. It also refers to a sales event in which goods are sold cheaply for a set period; 「大売り出し」 and 「歳末売り出し」 have this meaning, referring to a shop cutting prices to draw in customers. It is used of people as well: 「売り出し中の歌手」 expresses that a newcomer is starting to become widely known and that their activity is getting into full swing.
AI-generated translation
N4
売り場
うりば
The place in a store where goods are sold. Example: 「くつ売り場」 (shoe department).
AI-generated translation
N1
潤い
うるおい
Having moisture or dampness and not being dry. Used as in 「肌の潤い」 or 「生活に潤いを与える」, expressing both physical moisture and the richness or comfort it brings to one's heart and daily life.
AI-generated translation
N2
潤う
うるおう
(1) To contain moisture and become moist. 「肌が潤う」. (2) To become well off and gain profit. 「観光で町が潤う」. The meaning spread from moisture reaching every part of something to economic comfort. 「潤す」 is used for what gives moisture or profit, and 「潤う」 for what receives it and becomes enriched: 「雨が土を潤す」 versus 「雨で土が潤う」.
AI-generated translation
N1
潤す
うるおす
Providing moisture, benefits, or mental comfort to enrich what is dry or poor. Used as in 「のどを潤す」, 「懐を潤す」, or 「心を潤す」, for all forms of physical, economic, and mental fulfillment.
AI-generated translation
N2
憂い
うれい
Worry or grief; anxiety and sadness about the future. Used in expressions like 「憂いを帯びた表情」, 「後顧の憂い」, and 「憂いのない日々」. The reading 「うれい」 is the common one, but in compound words it can also be read as 「うい」 (as in 「憂き目」). It carries a literary tone.
AI-generated translation
N4
嬉しい
うれしい
glad. A state of feeling good because something good happened. The antonym is 「かなしい」 (sad).
AI-generated translation
N2
売れ行き
うれゆき
How well a product is selling, the state of its sales. Used as in 「売れ行きが良い」 or 「売れ行きが伸び悩む」. A word expressing the momentum and trend of sales performance, frequently appearing in business and retail contexts.
AI-generated translation
N1
うろうろ
うろうろ
A state of repeatedly moving back and forth in the same area without a purpose, or because one does not know where to go. Used as in 「駅前をうろうろする」 or 「見知らぬ街をうろうろする」, an adverb used in scenes of restless wandering.
AI-generated translation
N1
うろ覚え
うろおぼえ
A state in which memory is uncertain and cannot be recalled clearly. Used as in 「うろ覚えの話」 or 「うろ覚えで答える」. Expresses a state of remembering only vaguely in part, rather than having forgotten entirely.
AI-generated translation
N1
うろたえる
うろたえる
When facing a sudden event or unexpected situation, becoming flustered and confused, not knowing what to do. Used as in 「突然の質問にうろたえる」 in scenes of losing one's calm and composure.
AI-generated translation
N3
うわさ
うわさ
rumor. A story passed between people without knowing whether it is true. Example: 「うわさが広まる」 (a rumor spreads), 「うわさをする」 (to gossip). There is a kanji form (噂), but it is usually written in hiragana.
AI-generated translation
N1
上滑り
うわすべり
Staying on the surface of a matter without reaching the depth of its content. Used as in 「上滑りな議論」 or 「上滑りな理解」. Critically expresses a state of merely tracing the surface without getting into the essence.
AI-generated translation
N1
上擦る
うわずる
The voice rising higher and becoming unsettled in tone, more than usual, due to tension or excitement. Used as in 「声が上擦る」, expressing a state in which one's voice unnaturally rises in scenes of losing composure.
AI-generated translation
N1
上手
うわて
Being superior to the other party in power or skill. Used as in "一枚上手だ" or "相手のほうが上手だった", referring to the side that stands in a superior position by comparison. The same "上手" read as "じょうず" means being good at something, and read as "かみて" means the upper side of a stage or river; each is a separate word.
AI-generated translation
N1
上塗り
うわぬり
Painting another layer over what has already been painted, or repeating the same blunder or disgrace on top of an existing failure. Used in both the physical sense of layered painting and the metaphorical sense of compounding failures, as in 「塗装の上塗り」 or 「恥の上塗り」.
AI-generated translation
N1
上の空
うわのそら
A state of being so distracted by something else that one cannot concentrate on the conversation or work at hand. Used as in 「上の空で返事をする」 or 「話が上の空になる」. An idiom expressing a state in which attention drifts elsewhere and the mind is not present.
AI-generated translation
N2
上回る
うわまわる
A state where quantity or degree is more or higher than the reference standard. Used as in 「予想を上回る」 or 「前年比を上回る」 in scenes of exceeding the comparison target. A formal expression frequently appearing in statistics and performance reports.
AI-generated translation
N3
運
うん
luck. A turn of fate that is beyond a person's control. Example: 「運がいい」 (lucky), 「運が悪い」 (unlucky). There is also the expression 「運を天に任せる」 (to leave things to fate).
AI-generated translation
N2
運営
うんえい
To run and manage an organization, business, or the like so that it functions well.
AI-generated translation
N2
うんざり
うんざり
A feeling of being fed up and sick of something. Used in expressions like 「同じ話にうんざりする」, 「うんざりするほど暑い」, and 「もううんざりだ」. It expresses distaste toward repetition or an excessive state of something.
AI-generated translation
N4
運転手
うんてんしゅ
driver. A person whose job is driving a bus, taxi, etc.
AI-generated translation
Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.