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JLPT N3 Vocabulary
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N3
誤解
ごかい
misunderstanding. To mistakenly take in the meaning or feeling of something. Example: 「誤解を招く」 (to invite misunderstanding), 「誤解を解く」 (to clear up a misunderstanding).
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N3
語学
ごがく
To study a foreign language. Example: 「語学が得意だ」 (good at languages), 「語学学校」 (a language school).
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N3
呼吸
こきゅう
breathing. To breathe in and out. Example: 「深く呼吸する」 (to breathe deeply). Also used to mean being in sync with someone, as in 「呼吸が合う」 (to be in rhythm with each other).
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N3
国籍
こくせき
nationality. The status of which country a person is a citizen of. Example: 「日本国籍」 (Japanese nationality), 「国籍を取得する」 (to acquire nationality).
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N3
国立
こくりつ
Being built with the nation's money and run by the nation. It is most often attached to the name of a facility, as in 「国立大学」 (a national university), 「国立公園」 (a national park), 「国立博物館」 (a national museum), 「国立図書館」 (a national library), 「国立競技場」 (a national stadium). It is also used alone, as in 「この大学は国立だ」. Used in contrast with 「私立」 (private), 「県立」 (prefectural), and 「市立」 (municipal).
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N3
焦げる
こげる
burn. To become blackened from being overcooked. Example: 「パンが焦げる」 (bread burns), 「焦げたにおい」 (a burnt smell). Something turning black on its own is 「焦げる」, while a person making it turn black by overcooking it is 「焦がす」; they are used as in 「ごはんが焦げる」 versus 「ごはんを焦がす」.
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N3
凍える
こごえる
For the body to lose sensation from cold. Example: 「手が凍える」 (one's hands go numb from cold), 「凍えるような寒さ」 (bone-chilling cold).
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N3
試み
こころみ
attempt. To try doing something. Example: 「新しい試み」 (a new attempt/initiative). The verb form is 「試みる」.
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N3
腰
こし
waist. The bendable part of the body below the back. Example: 「腰が痛い」 (one's lower back hurts). There are also the expressions 「腰が低い」 (having a humble/polite manner) and 「腰を下ろす」 (to sit down).
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N3
個人
こじん
individual. Each single person, as opposed to a group. Example: 「個人の意見」 (an individual's opinion), 「個人的な問題」 (a personal matter), 「個人情報」 (personal information).
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N3
越す
こす
To pass a place or time and go to the other side. Example: 「年を越す」 (to see out the year/into the new year), 「冬を越す」 (to get through the winter), 「引っ越す」 (to move house). In the form 「お越しください」, it also serves as an honorific way of saying 「来る」 (to come).
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N3
国家
こっか
nation. A country. A unified entity that has territory, people, and a government. Example: 「国家試験」 (a national examination). More formal than 「国」, used when discussing politics and law.
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N3
国会
こっかい
The most important assembly, which decides a nation's laws and budget. Example: 「国会議員」 (a member of parliament), 「国会で審議する」 (to deliberate in the National Diet).
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N3
固定
こてい
To firmly fix something in one place or state so it does not move. Example: 「固定給」 (a fixed salary).
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N3, N5
子供
こども
child. A young person. The opposite of an adult. Also used to mean one's own son or daughter. Often written as 「子ども」.
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N3
好む
このむ
To like something and choose it oneself. A slightly more formal way of saying 「好き」 (to like).
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N3
こぼす
こぼす
It refers to inadvertently letting liquid or powder out. It also means to let out one's dissatisfaction or complaints. Used in expressions like 「水をこぼす」 or 「愚痴をこぼす」, it expresses the act of unintentionally letting something out.
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N3
ごまかす
ごまかす
It refers to concealing by means of lies or makeshift measures, hiding the truth. Used in expressions like 「年齢をごまかす」 or 「答えをごまかす」, it is a verb that critically expresses the act of deceiving others.
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Vocabulary data on this site is based on the JMdict/EDICT project (© Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, CC BY-SA 4.0). JLPT level classification is our own assessment using AI (Claude) and is not an official JLPT standard.